In the last article, I introduced the ancient gardens and the gardens in the Middle Ages in Japan.


Three. Modern gardens

1, the time of the peach mountains

Time: 1573-1603 years in sixteenth Century

Historical background:

In the later period of the age of the city, Japan has achieved another group of martial arts after a long war, which is the military supremacy of Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582), Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598) and Leyasu Tokugawa (1542-1616 years). Oda Nobunaga broke up Asakai Hajun and Chao Cang Yi Jing in 1573, exiled the last general of the village, and declared the end of the shogunate shogunate. Although he killed himself in 1593 on the way to Busuke Toyonchenxiuyoshi, he was attacked by his minister wise show in Kyoto, but he unifies the capital city and its surrounding areas, laying the foundation for the unified nation of Feng Chen's country. Toyotomi Hideyoshi, adhering to his remains, eliminated the warlords in 1592, ended the hundred years of war and completed the unification of Japan, which was equivalent to the achievements of the time of the Warring States period in China's Qin Shihuang. He founded the age of Tao Shan (1573-1603 years, also known as the time of the earth's peach mountain or the age of weaving Feng).

Characteristic：

The tea court flourished. The tea courts conform to nature and are not large in size, separate from the rest of the garden. Although the area of tea court is small, it is necessary to show natural fragments, and have the artistic conception of deep mountains and valleys. Once entering the tea court, it seems to be far away from dust. The main planting in the courtyard is evergreen trees. Cleanliness is the most important. Moss should be grown on both the court and the stone, so that the tea court can form a "quiet" atmosphere. Avoid using flowers and trees, on the one hand, it is imitation of ink and wash painting. On the other hand, it also has positive significance in using colorless to express quiet and elegant feelings. The tea court has further developed the arrangement of stone lanterns and water bowls, especially the flying stones.

Representative work：

The garden of the Sanbao courtyard, the garden of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the monastery, is built after the presided performance of the temple. The garden is a garden for the Academy, which combines the gardens of the pool spring garden, and gives a large number of gardens. There is a pool of Mishima in the garden. There are stone bridges, wooden bridges and stone bridges. There are more than 700 stones with long mouth stone. They are huge and incomparable. The stone names have guardians, Fujito Ishi and so on. The north of the pool is a Academy. There is a view platform in front of the Academy, twists and turns, facing the stone and Bridge in the side of the pond.

Sanbao courtyard




It was built in 1583. The garden was built in 1583. The garden was built with Canglang pool as the center. The main building was built by the flying cloud Pavilion on the main building. It was up to three floors and went on a boat. The stone group was strong and powerful. The bridge was built across the water. There were ten scenic spots, such as spring, Yan snow forest, Wuxi slope, and tread dock.

Nishi Honganji




Development：

The gardens in this period consisted of traditional pool courts, luxurious flat courts, silent stone courts and simple tea courts. The age of Tao Shan is not long. The performance of people's strength in Wu Jia garden is strengthened. The combination of architecture and gardens in academies makes the literati flavor of gardens grow stronger. This tendency also affected the Royal and private gardens in the Edo period. However, because the royal gardens and Wu Jia gardens still focus on Chi Quan, and this period lasted for a long time, and only showed signs of extinction. And from the form of the tea house, the smell and the stillness of the garden are still in the garden. It is obvious that the natural meaning and the dull meaning are much more significant compared with the poetry and painting gardens of the Ming Dynasty.


The garden of Sanbao courtyard

2. Edo age

Time: 1603-1867 years

Historical background:

In the early days of the Edo era (the 17~19 century), Japanese gardens completed their own unique styles and established them. At this time, gardens are not only concentrated in several big cities, but also throughout the whole country. The Edo era is also a human centered era. The development of feudal culture has reached its climax in the past three hundred years. Confucianism replaced Buddhism in the dominant position of thought, and the Confucian flavor of gardens gradually revealed itself.

Characteristic：

The garden forms such as pool spring, dry landscape, tea court and so on are further integrated. The garden is further developed.

The state of the royal family, the martial family and the monk's family are in the state of tripartite, especially the martial arts garden, the Buddhist garden has converged, the large pool spring garden is less, the small dry landscape is more common, reflecting the factors such as the shift of thought, the change of fashion, the decline of economic strength and so on. Because of the establishment of religious power, temple society built various gardens with real landscape and dry landscape.

Representative work：

The royal gardens include Guangxi, the Imperial College, the imperial garden, the imperial court, the old Hamlet garden, and the old Chi palace garden.

The garden center is a pool, the heart of the garden is a pool, the heart of the pond has three islands, the bridge is connected with the bridge, the main road ring around the park is guided to the tea court depression and the pavilion house building. The main building of the whole garden is a combination of ancient academies, academies of classical learning, and new academies. The banks of the pool are tortuous, bridges, stone lamps, squatting and so on. There are many kinds of stone and plant materials.

Katsura Imperial Villa




The courtyard of the College of separation is characterized by its full use of the characteristics of the terrain and the interest of literati.

Shugakuin Imperial Villa




The representatives of the martial arts garden are small Ishikawa Park, six Yiyuan, Jin Zi and six garden, Okayama paradise, the mariner paradise, chestnut Lin Yuan, Hiroshima's shrinks, Yan root's Xuan palace amusement park, Xiongben's fun garden, Kagoshima celestial garden, and the Baihe South Lake Garden.

Six volunteer Park





Development：

Ideologically, Confucianism and poetic sentiment rose. Garden type, tea court, pool spring garden, dry landscape three horses.